Reflections on Displacement and Opportunities in Nigeria
By Julius Muriuki – Strategy Developer, Client Engagement
Nigeria has one of the largest populations of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Africa. The International Organization for Migration reports that more than 3 million people are currently displaced, mainly due to conflict and insecurity in the northeast and central regions. Unlike East Africa, where displacement often results from cross-border movements that form large refugee camps, Nigeria’s situation is mainly internal, spreading across host communities, temporary shelters, and urban areas.
As someone from East Africa, I have noticed this difference. In countries like Uganda and Kenya, displacement is more centralized. Uganda hosts over 1.6 million refugees, most of whom live in organized settlements like Bidi Bidi, Nakivale, and Kyaka II. In Kenya, around 650,000 refugees and asylum seekers are concentrated in Dadaab, Kakuma, and Nairobi. This centralization makes it easier to deliver services, plan, and run programs.
Nigeria presents a more complex situation. Planning a trip here highlights this reality: one must navigate vast distances between states, each with its own groups of displaced people. For example, the trip from Lagos to Adamawa (Yola) is nearly 1,000 kilometers by road and takes over 15 hours to drive. The distance between Makurdi in Benue State and Kaduna City is more than 400 kilometers, requiring a 7 to 8-hour journey. Even within the northeast, traveling from Mubi to Yola, both located in Adamawa, is around 200 kilometers. Unlike the denser concentration of refugees in East Africa, internally displaced persons in Nigeria are spread out across various states. This dispersion makes interventions logistically challenging and expensive.
Despite these challenges, there are clear opportunities. In partnership with Jobberman, we are targeting to provide job readiness training to 50,000 displaced persons across Nigeria. Through this initiative, participants are gaining essential employability skills and are being connected to the Amahoro Skills Hub, our digital platform that tracks their progress into jobs and internships. This dual approach, combining training with technology, helps us measure real impact and continuously improve our efforts.
Agriculture has also shown promise as a sector. In states like Benue and Adamawa, farming remains a key part of the economy. Displaced communities are already taking the initiative to form cooperatives and combine resources to restart production. With the right support, agriculture could provide a significant source of employment and dignity for displaced persons while also strengthening local food systems.
Our work in Nigeria continues. While the challenges of scale and geography are significant, the potential is equally promising.